References

Beginner-friendly references for web development, with live, editable examples.

The HTML controls attribute

Attribute All modern browsers Updated
Quick answer

The HTML controls attribute shows the browser's built-in playback controls. It is used on the <audio> and <video> elements.

Overview

The controls attribute shows native media playback controls. It is used on the <video>, <audio>, <source> and <track> elements.

It configures native audio or video playback — the source, controls, autoplay and looping behavior, the poster image, and text tracks. It works with the <video>/<audio> elements and their nested <source> and <track> children.

Syntax

<video src="clip.mp4" controls></video>

Values

Value
A boolean attribute — present or absent.

Best practices

  • Provide controls so users can play, pause and seek.
  • Browsers only allow autoplay when the media is also muted.
  • Always add captions with a <track> for accessibility.
  • Offer multiple formats with nested <source> elements for broad support.

Frequently asked questions

What does the controls attribute do?
Shows native media playback controls.
Why won't my video autoplay?
Browsers block autoplay with sound. The media must be muted to autoplay.
How do I make media accessible?
Add captions via a <track>, and provide a transcript for audio-only content.
Which elements use the controls attribute?
It is an element-specific attribute, used on the <video>, <audio>, <source> and <track> elements.
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